Spectrum Lesson #2: No Trump and Minor Suit Openings


Spectrum Series - Lesson II


No Trump and Minor Suit Openings



	Any 1-of-a-suit response to 1C, 1D or 1H 
is natural and forcing.  Responder will rarely bypass 
a 5+card suit to bid at the 2-level, and will only 
bypass a 4-carder with 13+ points and a 5+ card holding
in a suit lower ranked than Opener's (e.g. 1D:2C MAY
have a 4-card major with 13+ points) suit.  After
any 1-of-a-suit response, the pair will, for the
most part, rebid as they would if playing SAYC.  
They will rely on a 4th Suit Force to sustain the 
auction later, if Responder is strong enough to 
force game.  This game-forcing aspect distinguishes 
the 2/1 GF 4th suit from its SAYC counterpart, where 
the 4th Suit is only a ONE round force.


New Minor Forcing ("NMF")



	One of the most salient differences between
SAYC and 2/1 GF after a 1-of-a-major response appears
when Opener rebids 1NT to show a flat hand of 13-14
points.  Here, any bid of the unbid (i.e. "new")
minor is a one-round force on 12+ points--often 
looking for a major suit fit.  1C:1H:1NT:2D, then, 
forces for at least one round and says NOTHING about 
the bid minor.  Responder could be VOID in this 
"new minor"!

	Opener's first priority here would be to
show a 4-card holding in the unbid major.  
1C:1S:1NT:2D:2H, shows a flat 13-14 point hand with
4 Hearts.  Without such a holding, Opener will
show 3-card support for Responder's major--jumping
with a maximal hand.  1D:1S:1NT:2C:2S, then, will 
reveal 3 Spades and 13 points.  1D:1S:1NT:2C:3S, 
meanwhile, will unveil 3 Spades and 14 points.  All 
other bids deny 3-card support for Responder's suit, 
with 2NT (13 points) and 3NT (14 points) suggesting 
strength in the unbid suits. 

	Responder must avoid using the new minor
with a 6-11 point 2-suiter.  Instead, Responder must
JUMP in the minor.

Responder
S- KQxxx
H- x
D- Q109xx
C- xx


     After 1C:1S:1NT you must rebid 3D, NON-forcing,
     to avoid bidding an artificial 2D ("NMF").
  
	Having made a new minor forcing bid, each
pair will develop understandings as to what is and
is not forcing by Responder.  Many will say that 
Responder's only non-forcing rebid will be 2NT
(e.g. 1D:1S:1NT:2C:any:2NT) or 2-of-a-bid-major
(e.g. 1D:1S:1NT:2C:2D:2H or 2S).  Others will say that
Responder must bid one of the suits that were not
bid at the 1-level (e.g. 1H:1S:1NT:2C:any:3C or 3D)
in order to force game here.  Still others will 
play New Minor Forcing as a game force.  

	One rule remains constant in all partnerships:
any rebid by Responder after Opener shows 3-card 
support for Responder's suit is FORCING.  Hence,
after 1C:1H:1NT:2D:2H ANY rebid by Responder (even
2NT) is FORCING.

Questions

 

1.  Bearing in mind that Opener will only go to the
	three level with 14 points, what is Opener's
	EXACT distribution and point count in the
	following auctions:

   a)  1D:1S:1NT:2C:2D
   b)  1D:1S:1NT:2C:2NT
   c)  1D:1S:1NT:2C:3C
   d)  1D:1S:1NT:2C:3D
 
2.  After 1C:1H should Opener rebid 1S or 1NT with
	4 Spades and a flat 13-14 points?

3.  If a bid and rebid of the New Minor is forcing
	(e.g. 1D:1H:1NT:2C:any:3C) in our agreements,
	how do I show a LIMITED hand (6-11) with
	length in the unbid minor?

Walsh



        A majority of 2/1-GF players employ "Walsh"
rather than SAYC's "up the line" method of showing
4+card suits opposite a 1C opening.  Walsh involves
Responder bidding a 4-card major before a 4+card
Diamond suit, "bypassing" Diamonds--even if they 
are longer than our 4-card major--unless Responder
is strong enough to force game.

   i)  S- 53   H- Q1093  D- KJ10942  C- 4

       Respond 1H to 1C if playing Walsh.

  ii)  S- A3   H- AQ109  D- AJ10942  C- 4

       Respond 1D to 1C, then reverse into Hearts.

        Walsh's advantages stem from its purpose:

   1.  Getting our 4-card major in quickly lessens
       the effect of any pre-empt by Responder's LHO.

   2.  Opener need not rebid a major over 1C:1D
       unless unbalanced.  Hence, 1C:1D:1H tends to
       promise a 3-suiter or 5+ Clubs.  All balanced
       13-14 point Openers rebid 1NT--even those 
       with one or both majors!

        The disadvantages of Walsh are numerous,
among them:

   1.  The Diamond suit is often buried--especially
       if the pair plays New Minor Forcing.

   2.  By increasing the number of 4-card major
       responses we increase the number of Moysian
       (i.e. 4-3) fits that we will experience.

   3.  4-4 major suit fits are often wrong-sided.
       1C:1D:1H:2H allows Opener to play 2H in 
       SAYC while the Walsh pair sees 1C:1H:2H.

   4.  1C:1D:1NT will no longer promise 4-5 Clubs.

   5.  4-4 Spade fits can be lost if Opener rebids
       1C:1H:1NT with four Spades (as many will).

   6.  6-point Responder cannot temporize with 
       1C:1D, hoping to pass a 1H or 1S rebid,
       with the same chance of success.  1C Opener
       might not rebid a major even if holding one!


Responding to No Trump Openings



	For the most part, responses to 1NT are the
same as in SAYC.  Two differences are the inclusion 
of Texas Transfers and, in some partnerships, Minor 
Suit Stayman.  A third is the use of LEBENSOHL 
(see Rainbow Lesson #9).  

Texas Transfers



	Here, a 4D response to 1NT or 2NT 
shows 6+ Hearts, forcing Opener to rebid 4H.  A 4H
reply to 1NT or 2NT shows 6+ SPADES and forces
Opener to rebid 4S.

Responder
S- AJ10xxx
H- x
D- xxxx
C- Qx

     Reply 4H to 1NT, and hope that Partner remembers
     that this is a transfer to Spades! :)

	Note that we COULD use Jacoby Transfers
instead of Texas Transfers.  With 1NT:2D:2H:4H and
1NT:4D:4H available, why have TWO ways to transfer 
into the same suit?

	The answer is two-fold.  First, the Jacoby
Transfer, followed by a game bid, invites Opener to
slam.  1NT:2H:2S:4S invites 6S, then, while 1NT:4H:4S
does not.  Secondly, the meaning of a 4NT rebid will
be different depending on WHICH transfer is used.
4NT after a TEXAS Transfer is RKC BLACKWOOD.  4NT
directly after a JACOBY Transfer is QUANTITATIVE.

	Texas Transfers are ON over any interference
up to 3C.  1NT-3C-4H transfers to SPADES.  1NT-3D-4D
is an all-purpose Staymanic cuebid.

Questions

 

1.  You hold:  S- AQx  H- Axxx  D- Axx  C- Kxx

	What do you bid after:

	A.  1NT:2D:2H:4H?

	B.  1NT:4H:4S:4NT?

	C.  1NT:2H:2S:4NT?

	D.  1NT:2H:2S:3NT?

Minor Suit Stayman ("MSS")



	Nowhere is there more confusion than in the
area of Minor Suit Stayman.  First, the 2-over-1 GF
notes distributed by OKBridge conflict with the 2/1 GF
convention card that OKBridge disseminates.  Secondly,
the convention card states that a 2NT response to 1NT
is a transfer to 3C, but there is NO MENTION of this
in the notes--and only a small minority of 2/1 GF
players use this method.  

	Most will opt out of this structure, and play 
2S (or 3S in response to 2NT) as a Jacoby minor 
transfer, as we saw in SAYC.  After 1NT:2S Opener will
simply rebid 2NT (with superior Diamonds) or 3C.  
Responder can stop in 3C or 3D if weak, or bid on as
a minor suit slam probe.

	If you and your partner DO decide to play 
Minor Suit Stayman, a 2S response to 1NT will PROMISE
9+ points and 5-4 or better in the minors.  Opener
rebids:

	2NT = No minor, minimum.  3C or 3D stops now.
	3C or 3D = Natural, minimum.  A raise invites.
	3H or 3S = Maximum, weak in the other major.
	3NT = Maximum, but no minor.
	4C or 4D = Natural, maximum.

	When playing Minor Suit Stayman, a direct 3C
(1NT:3C) or 3D (1NT:3D) response is often a weak 
sign-off.  Some will use a 2NT response to 1NT as a 
transfer to 3C, but this method loses the very 
important natural 2NT response.  These pairs will
typically use 2C (Stayman) followed by 2NT to invite
3NT, with the 2C response being alerted and explained
as NOT promising a major.  The problem for these pairs
is that if Opener has BOTH majors Opener may jump in
the unshown major (e.g. 1NT:2C:2H:2NT:4S) over 2NT.  To
prevent this, after 1NT:2D:2H, Responder must rebid
2S with 4 Spades.  In this way, 1NT:2C:2H:2NT denies
a major!

	It is STRONGLY recommended that you retain
2NT as a natural raise and that you do NOT employ
Minor Suit Stayman.  The SAYC method of natural 2NT
raises and Jacoby Minor Transfers is not only simpler;
it is superior.

Responding to Minor Suit Openings



	One of the major differences between 2/1 GF
and SAYC is that, according to the 2/1 GF convention
card, opposite 1C Responder WILL bypass 1D to show a 
4-card major unless Responder wishes to force game.  
This treatment is NOT recommended.  Bidding your
suits UP THE LINE is FAR SUPERIOR, especially when
playing New Minor Forcing.

Responder
S- Qxxx
H- xxx
D- A10xxx
C- x

   Replying 1S to 1C will bury the Diamond suit 
   entirely if Opener rebids 1NT.  You will NOT be
   able to rebid 2D, since that would be artificial. :(  

Inverted Minors



	Unlike SAYC, a 2NT response to 1C or 1D is
only invitational in 2/1 GF, promising 10-12 points
and a flattish hand.  3NT reveals 13-15 points
in response to 1C or 1D.  Often, though, a strong
Responder will take a slower route, beginning with a
FORCING raise of the minor (e.g. 1C:2C or 1D:2D).
Such a raise is a one round force, showing at least
10 HCPs.  In this way, Responder can make a limit
raise by bidding Opener's minor twice:  1C:2C:any:3C
or 1D:2D:any:3D, cancelling the force.  Any other
SUIT rebid by Responder is forcing to game.

Responder
S- xx
H- AJx
D- Q109xx
C- KJx

      To make a LIMIT raise of 1D, bid 2D, then 3D.   
   
	The 2/1 GF notes state that after the
inverted raise Opener will rebid a FOUR card major.
This is NOT the norm.  MUCH more common is for 
Opener to rebid a major suit STOPPER, bidding 2NT
with a minimal hand that has BOTH majors guarded.
1D:2D:3C, or 1D:2D:3D then, would suggest NO major
suit stoppers in Opener's hand.  A jump rebid of
3NT by Opener (e.g. 1C:2C:3NT or 1D:2D:3NT) shows
a flat 18-19 points and says nothing about guards.

	With the direct raise (1C:2C and 1D:2D)
taking care of both the FORCING and the LIMIT
raises in the minors, a JUMP raise (1C:3C or 1D:3D)
becomes PRE-EMPTIVE.  Responder would have a weak
hand with 5+cards in the raised minor:

Responder
S- Jxx
H- xx
D- QJxxxx
C- 10x

	Jump raise 1D to 3D.

	As in SAYC, ANY immediate raise of Opener's
minor DENIES a 4+card MAJOR.

        If Opener's minor suit opening is overcalled
a single raise is STILL strong (limit or better) and
forcing for one round in 2/1-GF-OK.  1D-1S-2D, then, 
is inverted in 2/1-GF-OK.  ALL other versions of 
2/1-GF play it as natural and non-forcing, 6-9 points.

	Should the opening 1C or 1D bid be DOUBLED,
any raise of Opener's minor is WEAK.  1C-Dble-2C, 
then, is weakish (5-8 points, 5+ Clubs) and NOT
inverted.

Questions

 

1.  You hold:  S- AQx  H- Qxxx  D- Kxx  C- Kxx.  
	What do you bid after 1C:2C?

2.  You hold:  S- AQx  H- xx  D- KQJxx  C- Qxx
	What do you bid after 1D:2D?

3.  You hold:  S- xx  H- QJx  D- Axxxx  C- KJx
	What do you bid after 1D:2D:2S?

4.  You hold:  S- xx  H- Kxx  D- Axxxx  C- AQx
	What do you bid after 1D:2D:2S?

Discussion Points



1.  What is forcing after a New Minor Force?  Only an
	unshown suit?  Only a jump?  Everything?  
	Everything except 2NT or 2-of-Responder's-major?

    2/1-Spectrum = An unshown suit, or 2NT if Opener
	supported Responder's major.

2.  Do we really play Minor Suit Stayman, where 2S
	PROMISES 9+ points?  If so, HOW do we show
	a weak hand with a long minor?

    2/1-K & 2/1-Spectrum = Use 2S as a Jacoby, NOT MSS.

3.  Is 1NT:2NT natural?

    2/1-K & 2/1-Spectrum = Yes.
  
4.  Does 1D:2D:2H promise FOUR Hearts?  Does it show 
	as unbalanced hand?

    2/1-K & 2/1-Spectrum = No and no.

5.  Do we play New Minor Forcing by a PASSED hand?

    2/1-K and 2/1 Spectrum = No.  2/1-Shep = Yes.

Final Quiz

 

1a. With:  S- AQxxx  H- Kx  D- xxx  C- Qxx what should 
     Responder rebid after:  1C:1S:1NT ? 

1b. Holding:  S- KQJxxx  H- xx  D- Qxx  C- Kx  what would 
    you rebid as Responder after 1C:1S:1NT ?  

1c. Holding:  S- QJxxx  H- Kxxx  D- xx  C- xx  what would 
     you rebid as Responder after 1C:1S:1NT ? 

1d. Holding:  S- KJxxx  H- xx  D- AQxxx  C- x  what would 
     you rebid as Responder after 1C:1S:1NT ?  

2a. Holding:  S- KJx  H- AQx  D- xx  C- J10xxx  what do you
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid?  

2b. Holding:  S- KJx  H- AQx  D- Axx  C- J10xx  what do you
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid?  

2c. Holding:  S- xx  H- Qxx  D- KQxxxx  C- xx  what do you
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid? 

2d. Holding:  S- Ax  H- AQx  D- AQxxx  C- xxx  what do you
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid?  

2e. Holding:  S- Axxx H- x D- AQxxx  C- Kxx  what do you 
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid? 

2f. Holding:  S- xx H- KQx D- Jxx  C- AJxxx  what do you
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid?  

2g. Holding:  S- Ax H- KJxx D- Ax  C- QJxxx  what do you
     respond to Partner's 1D opening bid? 

--------------- Last Revised 13-03-2003 ---------------
SPECTRUM Series

The Spectrum Series, at 8:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M. PST every second weekday, is a lecture program on the 2/1 Game Forcing system, from Opening Bids all the way through to the conventional aspects of 2/1 GF. Unlike the FireSide and 5th Chair sessions mentioned above, the Spectrum Series is a semi-public lesson program for our students. All are invited to stop by and enjoy these classes.

If you have any questions arising from these notes, or about the Spectrum Lesson Series, please do not hesitate to email me at: cpw@escape.ca

SPECTRUM #1: System Overview
SPECTRUM #2: Minor and NT Bidding
SPECTRUM #3: The Forcing 1NT Response
SPECTRUM #4: The 2/1 GF Response
Lesson #1: Opening Bids
Lesson #2: Responses to Opening Bids
Lesson #3: Rebidding Strategies
Lesson #4: Interference
Lesson #5: OverCalls & Takeout Doubles
Lesson #6: Two-Suited Overcalls
Lesson #7: Pre-Empts
Lesson #8: Competing with Doubles
Lesson #9: Lebensohl
Lesson #10: Defensive Signalling
Lesson #11: Defensive Strategies
Lesson #12: Declarer Play

General Rules of SAYC Bidding
Fit Inspired Bids - "FIBs"
Doubles
Cuebids
IMPs Versus MatchPoints
Lebensohl
Hand Evaluation
Defensive Signals
Jacoby Transfers
Pre-Empts
Jacoby 2NT Response to 1H or 1S
Michaels Cuebids
3 Types of Responding Hands
Percentages in Bridge
Roman Key Card Blackwood
BROZEL over their 1NT
4th Suit Force
Assume Jumps Are Raises
Glossary of Terms
Colin's Rules of Bridge




Back to the Tutoring Web Page
Back to Colin's Personal Bridge Page

If your computer has MIDI capacity, you have been listening to Pink Floyd's "Wish You Were Here".